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It can indeed serve as a promising alternative to conventional monoscopic systems, since the major problem of latter imaging set up is the (scale depending!) large amount of resulting single images and the laborious calculation of their individual orientation. We therefore conclude that the combination of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and a stereo camera bears a high potential for the geocoded documentation of archaeological surface structures and geo- objects during ongoing excavation and survey stages. The 3D extraction of single geo-objects is possible as well. If the inner orientation of the camera is known and the outer orientation can be determined by ground control points, a digital terrain model (DTM) and orthophotos can be generated out of stereo image pairs. Our study has shown that a UAV-based low-cost stereo camera system is able to produce stereoscopic evaluable sets of aerial photographs that can be used for the documentation of archaeological geo-structures. The volume difference before and after landslides was 994.16 m 3. The digital terrain model (DTM) was established and then was used to calculate the volume of the terrain before landslide and after landslide. The same methodology was then applied to measure the terrain before landslide and after landslide in the study area. It showed that the close range digital photogrammetry with DLT method had the availability and capability to measure the landslides. The results revealed that the relative error in surface area was approximately 1.7% as comparing the photogrammetry with DLT method and e-GPS measurement. We adopted the direct linear transformation (DLT) method in close range digital photogrammetry to measure terrain of landslide at the Huoyen Shan, Miaoli of central Taiwan and to compare measured results with e-GPS. The objective of present study is to use a low-cost image system to monitor the active landslides. It is often the only solution for the survey and the early-warning of large landslides cannot be stabilized. Landslide monitoring is a crucial tool for the prevention of hazards. Visual image interpretation of the dataset is in the process. Terrain modifications caused by human activity are characterized by terrain break lines, local tops or pits, which do not fit to local geomorphology. The shaded surface enables to highlight terrain break lines, which is suitable for archaeological research.
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We had DTM in form of shaded surface for one third of the Czech Republic. The dataset is characterised by the density of 1-2 points/m 2 and the standard deviation in altitude of model points is up to 30cm (in forested areas). About 2/3 of area is currently covered by the DTM based on ALS, this year the mapping should be complete. The aim of mapping was to get authentic and detailed DTM of the Czech Republic. The Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre started in 2008 project for terrain mapping using the ALS method. We used available digital terrain model (DTM) based on airborne laser scanning (ALS) technology to map relics of mining activities in West Bohemia. Our aim was to find resource useful for searching for these sites, than to use field survey to confirm our findings. The quality of these available maps is unfortunately questionable - due to its age or used methods. There are original maps of some sites, as well there is effort of some geologists to find and map relics of mining activities (such as digs visible in terrain) by land survey. The part of the Czech Republic - West Bohemia is well known for mining activities, different types of raw materials have been extracted from mines near Jáchymov, Sokolov and other sites since medieval times till today.